Gallienus, born as son of the Emperor Valerian around 218, first ruled together with his father from 253 as equal co-emperor over the empire, and, after his father‘s capture by the Sasanians in 260, as the only ruler.
His rule saw the climax of the imperial crisis of the 3rd century, in which the empire was threatened by enemies on various borders. He carried out military and administrative reforms, which were the foundation of the Diocletian-Constantine Constitution of the Empire. He also created a deployment force which consisted of heavy cavalry and was stationed in Mediolanum (Milan).
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